tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-67042196440375646392024-03-12T21:04:52.830-07:00Writer SanLinTunWriter San LinTunhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12056365074399264628noreply@blogger.comBlogger45125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6704219644037564639.post-64706353620441990562020-08-22T21:08:00.002-07:002020-08-22T21:08:47.817-07:00<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XXDDtXO0sow/X0HraRieKHI/AAAAAAAABNA/xKDenFbmYkg6ND9C0K4At7AowVgbcLgZwCNcBGAsYHQ/s2048/Wave%2Band%2BOther%2BPoems%2Bcover.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1362" data-original-width="2048" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XXDDtXO0sow/X0HraRieKHI/AAAAAAAABNA/xKDenFbmYkg6ND9C0K4At7AowVgbcLgZwCNcBGAsYHQ/s640/Wave%2Band%2BOther%2BPoems%2Bcover.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>It is my second collection of English poems and the publication is very soon!!! <br /><p></p>Writer San LinTunhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12056365074399264628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6704219644037564639.post-87876522091809914692020-02-15T05:00:00.003-08:002020-02-15T05:00:22.651-08:00When Oboe Meets Piano: Arnaldo De Felice and Alberto Firrincieli<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The Concert “When Oboe Meets Piano”</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Entwining Wind and String Instruments</span></b></div>
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<span lang="IT" style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif";">Once W.A Mozart said, “I pay no
attention whatever to anybody's praise or blame, I simply follow my own
feelings”. In this sense, music relied on feelings and evoked them. It was true
with the concert “When Oboe Meets Piano” which was staged at Chartium Hotel on
31st, January of 2020 from 7 pm onward. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Many
people were present at the marvelous musical concert of the two maestros. It
was orchestrated by the cultural programme of the Embassy of Italy for 2020 which
would be starting in full swing with the first concert of this year. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The
embassy invited an exciting joint “travel” by oboist Arnaldo de Felice, who
gave his first solo recital when he was 15 and performed in several prestigious
venues such as Carnegie Hall in New York, and pianist Alberto Firrincieli, who
is back again in Yangon to entertain Yangon’s audience. Both artists are also
music composers; Maestro de Felice played his own “Medusa”.</span>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">When
the event opened, the ambassador of Italian Embassy, </span><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif";">Mrs. Alessandra Schiavo</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> spoke
of the event and upcoming event at Italian Embassy on Feb 23<sup>rd</sup>. She
invited everyone to take part in that Italian gourmet event too.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">After
that, the two great maestros started to play their respective songs
wonderfully. </span><span class="details"><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">They
played Concerto BWV 974 which was arranged for piano and oboe, Oblivium of A.
Piazzolla (1921-1992), Medusa for Oboe solo, Sonata C 88 in C major of D.Cimarosa
(1749-1801) for piano solo, Sonata in F minor of D. Scarlatti (1685-1732) for
piano solo, “Capriccio” Op. 80 of A. Ponchielli (1834-1886) for oboe and piano
and “Mission” of E.Morricone (1928) for oboe and piano.</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The
tunes and melodies produced by the two instruments were so pleasant, depicting
the high and low notes and tunes so that the tunes were fluctuated with emotions
and sensations. While listening to the music, one’s mind was drifted away with
those charming tunes until the music reached its finale and clapping from the
audience exuded wholeheartedly. </span>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The
pleasant tunes of oboe were very much tantalizing to the ears of the music
lovers because of the skillful touches of Maestro de Felice. When he sustained
the notes and slurred, they expressed very well in terms of musical sublimity. Maestros,
pianist and oboist played the tunes so smoothly and precisely and with much
dexterity and skills they needed for musical performers.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">It was
really much uplifting and satisfying to enjoy the whole evening with them at
the venue. They showed their musical expertise so well that people were really
much engrossed in their entertainment.</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif";">The oboe, with its rich harmonics
in the upper range, has a timbre which was well controlled by Maestro de
Felice.</span>
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<span lang="IT" style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif";">In fact, the oboe is chiefly a
melody instrument, being pastoral by nature and it has full of tenderness. Sometimes,
its notes can cause a certain degree of shrill and so one needs a proper
manipulation not to compel it a passionate cry or a powerful outburst of pitch.
Then,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>its small, bitter-sweet voice
becomes tame and will exhibit something sublime.</span></div>
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<span lang="IT" style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif";">Some people noted that both
instruments brought relief to the heart and soul of them and the </span><span lang="IT"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oboe" target="_hplink"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; text-decoration: none;">oboe</span></a></span><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif";"> is one of the oldest, and one of the most deeply
sympathetic, perhaps because the lips of the player touch the reeds directly. It
was true that the oboe's repertoire as a solo instrument was much to treasure,
much to adore and much to console.</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; line-height: 115%;">Classical music magically worked very quickly when
things were right for them. Even if you align your breathing to the music's
beat, your mind will be free to observe its flow and it was the best cure for
serious stress and granted prolonged relaxation and rest. </span></span> </div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The
two Italian musicians entertained the audience with beautiful pieces ranging
from Scarlatti and Cimarosa (XVII and XVIII centuries) to Piazzolla’s tango
(with the great “hit” “Oblivium”) and the contemporary film scores by the most
acclaimed composer Ennio Morricone, whose unforgettable music has been reused
countless times for TV and in movies.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The
entrance was free. On the 1<sup>st</sup> of February the two Italian musicians
would also give a Masterclass to music students at Gitameit as part of the
initiatives undertaken by the Italian Embassy to continue supporting the
development of capacities of Myanmar youth also in the music field.●</span></div>
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<span class="details"><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">San
Lin Tun</span></i></b></span><span class="details"><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> is a freelance writer of essays, poetry, short
story and novel in Myanmar and English.</span></span></div>
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Writer San LinTunhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12056365074399264628noreply@blogger.com040 Nat Mauk St, Yangon 11211, Myanmar (Burma)16.8002301 96.168462900000009-8.7218044 54.859868900000009 42.3222646 137.4770569tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6704219644037564639.post-45929312856171093602019-11-28T05:25:00.004-08:002019-11-28T05:26:26.777-08:00Sukha (Happiness) A Term Paper Submitted by San Lin Tun<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sukha </span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 200%;">(Happiness)</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Submitted by San Lin Tun</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Introduction</span></b>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sukha is essential in life because it can be said that
without sukha life will be miserable, and not worth for living. To have an
enjoyful life, there should be sukha or happiness.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">In finding sukha or happiness some people are engaging
in wrong practices like drinking, gambling, and other enjoyable things which
are not proper for seeking. And they think it is legitimate in doing them. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">In fact, those kinds of finding sukha or happiness
cannot grant someone any happiness or sukha. Besides, he or she will find his
or her life more miserable than before when he or she engages in those bad
habits.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Some people do not realize how they should find proper
sukha or happiness legitimately or according to the teachings of the Buddha.
The teachings of the Buddha surely will bring about the happiness or sukha they
would like to find.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">At first, they need to know the teachings of the
Buddha and how they can gain sukha or happiness according to the teachings or
the exortations of the Buddha.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">When they follow the teachings of the Buddha, they
will surely witness the fruitful results for the present and future lives
alike.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">If they abide by and practice them, they will surely
enjoy sukha or happiness in this very life or the life to come.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Chapter (1)</span></b></div>
<b>
</b><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Meaning of Sukha</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Several
definitions of sukha are seen in "Definitions of Pāli words" written
by Ashin Subuti Mahāthera. Among the definitions of sukha, one of the
definitions gives the meaning of sukha as in "sutthu dukkaṁ khanatīti
sukhaṁ"<sup>1</sup> which means " the thing which can dig up dukkha
or suffering well."</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 35.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Another
meaning gives as in " sukhayatīti vā sukhaṁ"<sup>2</sup> which means
" the thing which can cause happiness."</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 35.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>There are also synonymous terms of
sukha as in pāmojjaṁ or joy, pamodo or happiness in many ways, sātaṁ or
satisfactoriness, phāsu or satisfactoriness, baddaṁ or goodness, seyo or
nobleness, subaṁ or pleasantness, khemaṁ or dangerlessness, kalyānaṁ or goodness,
mingalaṁ or auspiciousness, sivaṁ or calmness.<sup>3</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It can be seen that the
meaning of sukha can be interpreted depending on its contexts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According to the PED, the term sukha means
"agreeable", "pleasant", "happiness." <sup>4</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In the suttas, the term
sukha is used in the sense of "happiness" or "pleasure" as
opposed to "suffering" "pain". For example, sukha is
associated with happy states of existence, i.e the heavenly world. Being a
human being is associated with much sukhā vedanā and the heavenly world and
Nibbāna are associated with extremely sukhā vedanā. Two kinds of sukha are
described in the section on "Treatise on Breathing", in the Patisaṁbhidhāmagga,
as Kāyika (bodily) and cetasika (mental), and are defined as follows:<sup>5</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>"Kāyikasukha: Any
bodily well-being, bodily pleasure and pleasure felt as born of body contact,
welcome, pleasant feeling born of body contact, is bodily pleasure.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Cetasikasukha: Any mental well-being, mental pleasure, well-being, and
pleasure felt as born of mental contact, welcomes pleasant feelings as born of
mental contact is mental pleasure."</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">(1.1). Sukha as a feeling or
vedanā</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Sukha is a feeling(vedanā). When sukha arises in one's
mind, one will feel happy because of its vedanā.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The Pāli Text Society Dictionary gives the word vedanā as
follows:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The word vedanā is derived from the
root "ved" or the verb "vedeti", both meaning " to
know", or" " to experience". If the word vedanā is indeed
related to vedeti, the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>implication is
that vedanā means either physical or mental experience. Thus the Pāli word
vedanā has been commonly translated into English as "feeling" or
"sensation".<sup>6</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The meaning of the term vedanā is
explained in the Majjhima Nikāya by "vedeti vedetīti āvuso, tasmā vedanā
ti vuccati", "it feels, friend; that is why feeling or vedanā is
said"<sup>7</sup>. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The sutta again elaborates:
"What does it feel? It feels pleasure, it feel pains, and it feels
neither-pain-nor-pleasure".</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Accordingly, it is clearly seen that
there are three kinds of vedanā__pleasant, unpleasant, and
neither-pleasant-nor-unpleasant.<sup>8</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Another sutta also explains on
vedanā as follows:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>"Who feels? No being. Whose is
the feeling or vedanā? Not of a being. Owing to what is there the feeling?
Feeling can arise with (certain) things__forms, smells, and so forth__as
objects. That bhikkhu knows, therefore, that there is a mere experiencing of
feeling after the objectifying of a particular pleasure or painful physical
basis or of one of indifference."<sup>9</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In the Vedanā Saṁyutta of Saṁyutta
Nikāya, vedanā denotes one of the five aggregates (vedanākkhanda) that makes up
an individual. Vedanākkhandha is defined as:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>"All three types of feelings or
vedanā are included, painful, pleasant, neither-painful-nor-pleasant,
experienced through contact of the six sense organs with external objects. All
our mental and bodily feelings are included in this group. Whatever kind of
feeling there is, whether past, future or present, internal or external, gross
or subtle, inferior or superior, far or near: This is called the feeling
aggregate or vedanākkhandā.<sup>10</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In the suttas, vedanā is enumerated
in different ways from two to one hundred and eight categories, as seen in the
following passage:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>"I have spoken of two kinds of
feelings or vedanā by one method of expositi have spoken of five kinds of
feelings…six kinds of feelings…eighteen kinds of feeling…thirty-six kinds of
feelings by another method of exposition; and I have spoken of one hundred and
eight kinds of feelings by still another method of exposition. Thus Anandā, the
Dhamma has been taught by me through different methods of exposition.<sup>11</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In Compendium of Abhidhammā, the
treatise gives sukha feeling as somanassa vedana. This feeling is associated
with unwholesome consciousness and wholesome consciousness.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Accordingly, sukha feeling which is associated with
wholesome consciousness is perferrable than the one which is associated with
unwholesome consciousness.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>This feeling will appear when one performs meritorious
deeds such as giving charity, and dissiminating loving-kindness.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>(1.2). Sukha as an associate mental factor</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sukha is also an associate mental factor according to Compedium of
Abhidhammā. One will find sukha as mental factor in Jhāna factors which are composed
of five factors. <sup>12</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The Jhānas do not arise out of a void but in dependence on the right
condition. They come to growth only when provided with the nutriments conducive
to their development. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The word
"jhāna" is closely connected with another word, " samādhi"
generally rendered by "concentration.". samādhi derives from the
prefixed verbal root, sam-ā-dhā, meaning to collect or to bring together, thus
suggesting the concentration or unification of the mind. <sup>13</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The word
"samādhi" is almost interchangeable with the word "samatha",
serenity, though the latter comes from a different root, sam. meaning to become
calm.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In the suttas samādhi
is defined as mental one-pointedness, (cittassekaggatā) and this definition is
followed through rigorously in the Abhidhammā. The Abhidhammā treats
one-pointedness as a distinct mental factor present in every state of
consciousness, exercising the function of unifying the mind on its object. From
this strict psychological standpoint samādhi can be present in unwholesome
states of consciousness as well as in wholesome and neutral states. In its
unwholesome forms it is called "wrong concentration" or
micchāsamādhi., in its wholesome forms "right concentration" or
sammāsamādhi. <sup>14</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The attainment of any
jhāna comes about through a twofold process of development. On one side the
states obstructive to it, called its factors of abandonment, have to be
eliminated, on the other the states composing it, called its factors of
possession, have to be acquired.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In the case of the
first jhāna the factors of abandonment are the five hindrances and the factors
of possession are the five basic jhāna factors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In Majjhima Nikāya and Vibhangha, it is described as follows:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>"Quite secluded
from sense pleasures, secluded from unwholesome states of mind, he enters and
dwells in the first jhāna, which is accompanied by applied thought and
sustained thought with rapture and happiness born of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>seclusion." <sup>15</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The five hindrances
(pancanīvaranā) are sensual desire, ill will, sloth and torpor, restlessness
and worry, and doubt. The principal classification the Buddha uses for the
obstacles to meditation, receives its name because its five members hinder and
envelop the mind, preventing meditative development in the two spheres of
serenity and insight.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hence, the Buddha
calls them "obstructions, hindrances, corruptions of the mind which weaken
wisdom." which is described in Saṁyutta Nikāya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The first jhāna
possesses five component factors: applied thought, sustained thought, rapture,
happiness and one-pointedness of mind. Four of these are explicitly mentioned
in the formula for the jhāna; the fifth, one-pointedness, is mentioned
elsewhere in the suttas but is already suggested by the notion of jhāna itself.
<sup>16</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">These five states receive their name, first because they lead the mind
from the level of ordinary consciousness to the jhānic level and second because
they cconstitute the first jhāna and give it its distinct definition.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>As a factor of the
first jhāna, sukha signifies pleasant feeling. The word is explicitly defined
in this sense by the Vibanag in its analysis of the first jhāna: "Therein,
what is happiness? Mental pleasure, mental happiness, the felt pleasure and
happiness born of mind-contact, pleasurable and happy feeling born of
mind-contact__ this is called "happiness". <sup>17</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The Visuddhimagga
explains that happiness in the first jhāna has the characteristic of
gratifying, the function of intensifying associated states, and as
manifestation, the rendering of aid to its associated states.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Here, a distinction
between rapture and happiness should be made. Rapture and happiness link
together in a very close relationship, but though the two are difficult to
distinguish, they are not indentical.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Happiness <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>is a feeling or vedanā, rapture is a mental formation
or sakhāra. Happiness always accompanies rapture, so that when rapture is
present happiness must always be presen; but rapture does not always accompany
happiness, for in the third jhāna, where there is happiness but no rapture.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The Atthasālini, which
explains rapture as "delight in the attaining of the desired object"
and happiness as "the enjoyment of the taste of what is acquired".</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">(1.3) Sukha
as the resultant of Kusala Kamma</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Sukha or somanassa vedanā is
accompanied when Kusala kamma one has performed previously shows its result. It
is seen in Ahetuka Vipāka Cittas which is associated with somanassa vedanā in
Abhdhammatthasangaha.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Because of meritorious deeds the
result will accompanied with somanassa vedanā or sukha vedanā because it is
said that as follows:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Kusalāanavajjā sukhavipākā lakkhanā.
<sup>18</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It means that Kusala or a<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>meritorirous deed is free from blame or
blemishes and it will give good result.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In also Patthāna Pāli, it is said
that as follows:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Kusalo dhammo kusalassadhammassa
adhipati paccayena paccayo.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It means that Kusala Dhamma supports
kusala dhamma by means of adhipati paccaya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>As<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>also in Anguttara Nīkāya, the Buddha said as follows:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Mātumhe bhikkhave punnanaṁ
bhāyittha. Sukkussetaṁ adhivacanaṁ yadhidaṁ punnāni.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It means that there should not be
fearful to do meritorious deeds. There surely exist meritorious deeds. The name
of these is itself sukha or happiness.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>And also the Buddha expounded to do
meritorious deeds in Aputtaka Sutta as follows:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>"But when a person of integrity
acquires lavish wealth, he provides for his own pleasure and satisfaction, for
the pleasure and satisfaction of his parents, the pleasue and satisfaction of
his wife and children; the pleasure and satisfaction of his slaves, servants
and assistants; and the pleasure and satisfaction of his friends. He institutes
for priests and contemplatives offerings of supreme aim, heavenly, resulting in
happiness, leading to heaven. When his wealth is properly put to use, kings
don't make off with it, thieves don't make off with it, fire doesn't burn it,
water doesn't sweep it away, and hateful heirs don't make off with it. Thus his
wealth, properly put to use, goes to a good use and not to waste." <sup>19</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In this way, the Buddha expounded
King Pasenadi Kosala relating on how to do meritorious deeds and how to spend
one's wealth wisely to bring about good results later.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Chapter
(2)</span></b></div>
<b>
</b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kinds
of Sukha</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sukha can be classified by individuality. There are two kinds of sukha
which is gīhi sukha and nikkhama sukha, based on this individuality. <sup>1</sup>
One is concerned with lay persons or householders or the latter is more related
to bhikkhus or monks or those who try to avoid sensual pleasures.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gīhi sukha is a sukha which results from enjoying sensual pleasures.
This sukha relates to householders who seek for five sensual pleasures. <sup>2</sup>
It appears in one's mind when one see beautiful<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>visible objects or when one hears sweet audible objects or when one
tastes good foods or when one smells nice smell or when one touches tender
tangible objects. At this time their mind is filled with pleasant feelings
called sukha.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">They tend to try to enjoy this feeling again and again. There does not
seem to end of this feeling in one's mind. They are insatiable in this feeling.
They try to enjoy these feeling again and again. This is the nature of
householders and their tendency to enjoy sensual pleasures.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Nikkhama sukha is more concerned with ones who has gone from home to
homelessness lives. <sup>3</sup> It results from avoiding five sensual
pleasures which are enjoyed by householders. Those who enjoy nikkhama sukha
understand the disadvantage of enjoying sensual pleasures and the danger of
them.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Accordingly, they strive to avoid those sensual pleasures and grasp the
true happiness. So, nikkhama sukha can be experienced by monks or those who try
to avoid sensual pleasures.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The Buddha also expounds the classifications of sukha to the bhikkhu in
the Sukha Vagga Sutta of Anguttara Nikaya. There the Buddha said that among
these two sukhas, nikkhama sukha is nobler than gīhi sukha. <sup>4</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">In Hatthaka Sutta <sup>5</sup>, when Hatthaka of Alavī met the Buddha beside
Cowpath in Sinsapa Grove, the former asked the latter that the Buddha lives
happily or not amid the cold weather and without proper shelter. Then, the
Buddha told that he lives happily amid these circumstances. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Again, the Buddha asked Hatthaka that a certain person is provided with
necessary properties such as to protect cold weather and to be endowed with
proper shelter and to accommodate proper attention by wives; such kind of
person can feel happiness or not. Hatthaka replied the Buddha that such kind of
a person can feel happiness.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Then,
the Buddha asked him that if lust arises in him, such a person can enjoy
happiness or not. At this point, Hatthaka said such kind of person cannot enjoy
happiness because of lust. And, the Buddha explained him that He destroyed the
root of lust, so he lives happily because of the total eradication of lust. <sup>6</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Comparing these two examples, one
can see clearly that nikkhama sukha is superior than gīhi sukha which is
related with lust, aversion and delusion. Nikkhama sukha is free from these
unwholesome dhammas such as lust, aversion and delusion.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">(2.1)
Worldly Pleasure</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Worldly pleasure is the pleasure
experienced by ordinary persons or householders. Worldly pleasures are five
sensual pleasures which are termed as <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>loka.<sup>7</sup>The
Buddha expounded that eye consciousness, ear consciousness, nose consciousness,
tongue consciousness, and body consciousness are the five sensual pleasures. <sup>8
</sup>When these consciousness encounter with pleasant respective objects,
happiness will appear in ones' minds.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>People feel happy when they possess
these five sensual pleasures. It is stated in Khuddaka Nikāya, Mahāniddesa
Pali, Kāma Sutta Niddesa. It shows that lay persons or householders are really
attracted to these pleasures. Without these, they will feel miserable in lay
person terms. For them, encounter with pleasant things will bring about
happiness. <sup>9</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>There are also two types of Kama,
one is vutthu kāma and the other is kilesā kāma. <sup>10</sup> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Apart from this type of worldly pleasure, the
Buddha expounded Anathapindika in one of the sutta. In it, the Buddha explained
that there are four kinds of pleasure or bliss to be won from time to time by a
layman who enjoys the pleasures of the senses. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>They are (1) the bliss of ownership,
(2) the bliss of enjoyment (3) the bliss of debtlessness, and (4) the bliss of
blamelessness. For the bliss of ownership, a clansman reflected on his wealth
gained through lawful way, and satisfaction will appear to him. <sup>11</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>For the bliss of enjoyment, a
clansman enjoy satisfaction by doing meritorious deeds by means of wealth he
gained. For the bliss of debtlessness, a clansman has no debt, much or less, to
anyone, then satisfaction will appear to him. For the bliss of blamelessness, a
clansman has no blameless action of body, speech and mind. Anāthapindika the
way to seeking happiness for lay persons or householders.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">(2.2)
Celestial Pleasure</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Celestial pleasure is the pleasure
experienced by celestial beings or devas in celestial abodes or realms.
According to Buddhist cosmology, celestial realms consist of six heavens of the
realm of desire.<sup>12</sup> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>They are (1) Heaven of the Four
Great Kings and their subordinates (2) Heaven of the thirty-three gods (3) Yama
heaven (4) Tusita heaven (5) Nirmana-rati heaven (6) Paranirmitavasavartin
heaven.<sup>13</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Those beings or devas enjoy sensual
pleasures as the way human beings do. Their sensual pleasure and human sensual
pleasure are termed as paccuppatitta <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>kama.
<sup>14</sup>It means that human beings, four kinds of devas from
Catumahārājika, Yama, Tusitā, and except hellborn beings enjoy sensual
pleasures and they have existing objects of sensual pleasures all the time.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>They can enjoy pleasure because of
sensual objects and they tend to enjoy it again and again. But, celestial
pleasures are more enjoyable than that of worldly beings. In Magantiaya Sutta,
the celestial pleasure is described as follows:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>In Nandavan Garden a
certain deva is happy with five celestial pleasures surrounding by female celestial
beings. <sup>15 </sup>That time, that householder or the son of the householder
may not expect five sensual pleasures than five celestial pleasures, because
the latter pleasures are greater than worldly pleasures.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Celestial beings possess more
pleasant things than human beings. They have more pleasant personality,
properties, longetivity. Even the pleasure of King Sakka is greater than that
of King of human abodes.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It can clearly see that the
personality of devas or celestial beings is finer than that of human beings in
the following descritption. When Ven. Mahā Moggallāna saw the devatā and asked
as follows:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>"Your divan, made
of gold, lofty, goes at will with the speed of thought; O, adorned one, wearing
garlands and beautifully clothed, you shine like lightning on the crest of a
thunder-cloud. Due to what is such complexion yours? <sup>16</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>When looking at the possession and
wealth of King Sakka, it can see clearly that he has wealthier than that of
King of worldly abodes. Those possessions are unthinkable to King of human
abodes.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Sakka, the celestial king resides in
Vejayanta Palace which has 700 yojana and it is decorated with seven types of
gems and gilded with gold. He has also 1600 wives and millions of attendents.
He rules Tavatiṁsa realm. <sup>17</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>As for longetivity or age of devas,
theirs are longer than that of human beings. It is believed that a day of
celestial abodes is equivalent to 100 years of human abodes. It is seen that
the higher the realm of devas world, the longer age they possess.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>For the beauty of devas, theirs are
finer and more pleasant than those of human beings. It is stated that the age
of female deva is at the age of sixteen and the age for male deva is not older
than eighteen. <sup>18</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">(2.3) Jhāna
Pleasure</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Jhāna sukha is the sukha which is
devoid of nīvarana or hindrances. By removing nīvarana the resulting happiness
or sukha is the concentration which comprises of vītakka(initial thought), vīcāra(discursive
thought), pīti(joy), sukha(happiness) and ekaggatā(one-pointedness) which are
the five factors of Jhāna. This concentration causes sukha or happiness at the
present moment.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In terms of Jhāna sukha, there are
first jhāna sukha, second jhāna sukha, third jhāna sukha, and fourth jhāna
sukha. In the first jhāna sukha, there are five factors called vitakka, vicāra,
pīti, sukha and ekaggatā. In the second jhāna sukha, there are four factors
except vitakka such as vicāra, pīti, sukha and ekaggatā. In the third jhāna,
there are three factors except vitakka and vicāra such as pīti, sukha, and
ekaggatā. In the fourth jhāna, there are only two factors left which are sukha
and ekaggatā.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>This jhāna sukha is unlike sensual
pleasures and it has greater sensation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The following facts show that the magnitude of the happiness of the
first jhāna.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>"By getting rid of
these five hindrances which are defilements of the mind and weakening to
intuitive wisdom then, aloof from pleasures of the senses, aloof from unskilled
states of mind, he enters on and abides in the first meditation which is accompanied
by initial thought and discursive thought, is born of aloofness, and is
rapturous and joyful. He drenches, saturates, permeates, suffuses this very
body with the rapture and joy that are born of aloofness; there is no part of
his whole body that is not suffused with the rapture and joy that are born of
aloofness." <sup>19</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>And also the example of the
happiness of this sukha is described as the following way:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>Monks, as a skilled
bath-attendant or his apprentice, having sprinkled bath-powder into a bronze
vessel, might knead it together with drops of water until the ball of lather
has taken up moisture, is drenched with moister, suffused with moister inside
and out, but there is no oozing. <sup>20</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>For the happiness of the second
jhāna, the following example can be extracted from the pāli texts.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>"Monks, as a pool
of water with water welling up within it, but which has no inlet for water from
the eastern side, no inlet for water from the western side, no inlet for water
from the northern side, no inlet for water from the southern side, and even if
the god did not send down showers upon it from time to time, yet a current of
cool water having welled up from that pool would drench, saturate, permeate,
suffuse that pool with cool water; there would be no part of that pool that was
not suffused with cool water." <sup>21</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>For the happiness of the third
jhāna, the following account clearly states as follows:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>"As in a pond of
white lotuses or a pond of red lotuses or a pond of blue lotuses, some white
lotuses or red lotuses or blue lotuses are born in the water, grow up in the
water, never rising above the surface but flourishing beneath it__these from
their roots to their tips are drenched, saturated, permeated, suffused by cool
water." <sup>22</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>For the happiness of the fourth
jhāna, the following extract can show clearly.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>"Monks, as a monk
might be sitting down who has clothed himself including his head with a white
cloth, no part of his whole body would not be suffused with the white cloth."
<sup>23</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span> <b>Chapter
(3)</b></span><b>
</b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Ways
to Sukha</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">There are several ways to find sukha. And there are also other causes to
find sukha. But, the ways or methods or practices to find it vary in person to
person.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Some will find sukha or happiness by
performing dāna (giving). Some will seek sukha by means of observing
sīla(morality). Some will look for sukha by undergoing bhāvanā(meditation).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The Buddha also taught that several
ways to find sukha in his teachings. One of the ways concerning finding sukha
is mentioned in Metta Sutta in Itivuttaka pāli. <sup>1</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In Metta sutta, the Buddha taught as
follows:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>"Be not afraid of good things,
monks. This is a name for happiness, monks, for what is pleasant, charming,
dear and delightful, __this word "good things." I myself, monks am
conscious of personally enjoying the fruit of good things done for many a long
day, a fruit that is pleasant, charming, dear and delightful." <sup>2</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Accordingly, if one practices such
practices such as giving, having righteous mind, and cultivating
loving-kindness towards others, one will have sukha or happiness.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In this Metta sutta, the Buddha also
expressed the benefits He received by practicing these as follows:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>"After developing for seven
years, monks, a heart of goodwill, for seven eons of rolling up and rolling out
again I came not back to this world. When the eon rolled up, monks, I was one
of the company of Radiant Devas. When the eon rolled out again, monks, I rose
up again in the empty palace of a Brahmā. There, indeed, monks, I was a Brahmā,
a Great Brahmā, Conqueror, Unconquered One. All-Seeing, All-Controller was I.
Thirty-six times, monks, I was Sakka, Lord of the Devas. Countless hundreds of
times, monks, I was a rājah, a wheel-rolling righteous dhamma-rājah, victorious
over the four quarters, one who wins security in his kingdom, with the seven
treasures endowed. Such was I, not to speak of the times when I was ruler over
a district only. Then it was to me, monks, that this thought occurred: Of what
deed, I wonder, is this the fruit, of what deed is it the ripening, that I am
now of such mighty power and majesty?" <sup>3</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It is totally clear that practicing
of these practices will give countless results for one who practices these.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>These causes result improvement in
sukha, bring the effect of happiness, and devoid of suffering resulting from
ill-will.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>For the bhikkhu, the Buddha taught
six causes to gain sukha or happiness. The following are extracted from Sukha
Somanassa Sutta.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>They are (1) Dhammarāmo,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>(2) Bhāvanārāmo,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>(3) Pahānārāmo,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>(4) Pavivekārāmo,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>(5) Abhāpaccārāmo,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">and
(6)Nippapajjārāmo. <sup>4</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">(3.1) Sukha
through dāna or performing donation</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Dāna will bring good results to one
who practices this act. Dāna means giving or charity. It is also a noble act. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Even the Buddha showed this act in
Dāna Sutta in Itivuttaka Pali as follows:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>"Monks, if beings knew, as I
know, the ripening of sharing gifts, they would not enjoy their use without
sharing them, nor would the taint of stinginess obsess the heart and stay
there. Even if it were their last bit, their last morsel of food, they would
not enjoy its use without sharing it, if there were anyone to receive it. But
inasmuch, monks, as beings do not know, as I know, the ripening of sharing
gifts, therefore they enjoy their use without sharing them, and the taint of
stinginess obsesses their heart and stays there." <sup>5</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In this way, the Buddha expounded
the discourse in this sutta. He also elaborated that one should perform
meritorious deeds such as giving or charity. Because of stinginess, one is
restraint in giving dāna. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Accordingly, they will not result
the good results of giving or dāna. The results of dāna are sevenfold according
to Majjhimanikāya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It will give (1) the status of Sakka
(2) the status of Māra (3) the status of Brāhma (4) the status of Saccā King
(5) the knowledge of disciples' perfection (6) the knowledge of Silent Buddha
and (7) the wisdom of Abhisambodhināna. <sup>6</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It is clearly seen that the results
of dāna are numerous. It is also to note the important facts doing dāna. It
concerns the doner and the receptor alike.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The doner has to be endowed with
three factors, and the receptor has to fulfilled with three factors. Only then,
such kind of dāna will bring about a perfect dāna act. <sup>7</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The three factors to be endowed with
for the doner are (1) one has to be happy before charity, (2) one has to be
happy while in charity, and (3) one has to be happy after having done charity. <sup>8</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The three factors to be fulfilled
with for the receptor are (1) devoid of rāga or desire or in practice of devoid
of rāga, (2) devoid of dosa or hatred or in practice of devoid of dosa and (3)
devoid of moha or delusion or in practice of devoid of moha. <sup>9</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It is also stated in Sathingadāna
Sutta that dāna will bring about great results in next existence. When one gives
dāna one's own hands cleansing oneself, the result is tremendous.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The wise man with swift wisdom, and
full of confidence, without stinginess but with free mind engages in this act
will result being born again in Deva world. It is stated in this same sutta. <sup>10</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Dāna includes in three grounds for
good works. It is stated in Punnakariyāvatthu Sutta <sup>11</sup> as follows:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>"Monks, there are these three
grounds for good works. What three?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The ground for good works consisting
of charity, that consisting of virtue and the ground for good works consisting
of making-to-grow. These are the three." <sup>12</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It is clearly seen that dāna is one
of the causes or ways to obtain sukha or happiness or merit.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">(3.2) Sukha
through observing sīla or morality</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Sukha can be obtained through sīla
because sīla is one of the causes to get merit or happiness. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Sīla is the cornerstone upon which
the Noble Eightfold Path is built. In other words, sīla may differ in
individuality.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>There are five precepts for lay men
and women for daily practices. For Uposatha days, eight precepts are meant for
them.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>For the novices (sāmaneras), and
nuns (sāmaneris), there are ten precepts, while for bhikkhus follow the 227
rules and for bhikkhunis follow 311 rules.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The rewards of virtue are seen in
Anguttara Nikāya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Ven.Anandā asked the Buddha as
follows:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>"What, O Venerable One, is the
reward and blessing of wholesome morality?"</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>"Freedom from remorse,
Ananda."</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>"And of freedom from
remorse?"</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Again, Anandā asked. "Joy,
Ananda". " And of joy?". "Rapture, Ananda"."
" And of rapture?" " Tranquility, Ananda". " And of
tranquility?" "Happiness, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ananda"
<sup>13</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The Buddha explained in this way.
Not only that, but also there are five faultless gifts receiving observing
sīla.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>When one abandons the taking life,
one will get results in being free from danger, animosity, and oppression to
limitless numbers of beings. This is the first <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>gift. <sup>14</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>When one abandons taking what is not
given, one will get results in being free from danger, animosity, and
oppression to limitless numbers of beings. This is the second gift.<sup>15</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>When one abandons illicit sex, one
will get results in being free from danger, animosity, and oppression to
limitless numbers of beings. This is the third gift.<sup>16</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>When one abandons lying, one will
get results in being free from danger, animosity, and oppression to limitless
numbers of beings. This is the fourth gift.<sup>17</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>When one abandons the use of
intoxicants, one will get results in being free from danger, animosity, and
oppression to limitless numbers of beings. This is the fifth gift.<sup>18</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>There are also five blessings for
observing morality. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>"Five blessings, householders,
accrue to the righteous person through his practice of virtue; great increase
of wealth through his diligence; a favorable reputation; a confident
deportment, without timidity, in every society, be it that of nobles, Brahmans,
householders, or ascetics; a serene death; and at the breaking up of the body
after death, rebirth in a happy state, in a heavenly world." <sup>19</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">(3.3) Sukha
through bhāvanā or meditation</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Sukha can be gained through
practicing meditation or developing bhāvanā, There are forty kammatthāna or
subjects of concentration. They are ten kasinas, ten recollections (anussati),
four divine states, etc.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>For recollection of the qualities of
the Buddha, the Buddha expounded Mahanama in Mahanama Sutta as follows:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>" Indeed, the Blessed One is
worthy and rightly self-awakened, consummate in knowledge and conduct,
well-gone, an expert with regard to the world, unexcelled as a trainer for
those people fit to be tamed, the Teacher of divine and human beings, awakened,
blessed".<sup>21</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>When one recollects the qualities of
the Buddha in this way will experience joy and rapture arises. One's body will
become calm and one will feel ease. Because of that the mind will be
concentrated.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Concerning the recollection of the
qualities of the Dhamma, the Buddha expounded Mahanama in the same sutta as
follows:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>"The Dhamma is well-expounded
by the Blessed One, to be seen here and now, timeless, inviting verification,
pertinent, to be realized by the wise for themselves."<sup>22</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>When one recollects the qualities of
the Dhamma in this way will experience joy and rapture arises. One's body will
become calm and one will feel ease. Because of that the mind will be
concentrated.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Concerning the recollection of the
qualities of the Saṁga, the Buddha expounded Mahanama in the same sutta as
follows:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>"The Sangha of the Blessed
One's disciples who have practiced well…who have practiced
straight-forwardly…who have practiced methodically…who have practiced
masterfully__in other words, the four types of noble disciples when taken as
pairs, the eight when taken as individual types__ they are the Sangha of the
Blessed One's disciples: worthy of gifts, worthy of hospitality, worthy of
offerings, worthy of respect, the incomparable field of merit for the
world."<sup>23</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>When one recollects the
qualities of the Saṁgha in this way will experience joy and rapture arises.
One's body will become calm and one will feel ease. Because of that the mind
will be concentrated.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Conclusion</span>
</b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Sukha or happiness is valued by
everyone. He or she wants to find it. But, sometimes, some find it against the
teachings of the Buddha. They will engage in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>gambling, drinking, or other bad ways. They do not know how to find it
according to the teachings of the Buddha.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Because of wrongful ways of finding
it, they will obtain more miseries problems they cannot bear. Then, they will
blame their own lives and try to commit more evil actions.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>For a good Buddhist, he should know
how to find sukha in accordance with the teachings of the Buddha. Then, he can
enjoy his precious life. He will how to understand how to live properly as a
layperson of Buddhism.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>This kind of person will value his
own life as well as the teachings of the Buddha. He will understand the purpose
of life, and he will become a valuable person.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Such kind of person will not feel
depressed or down-hearted because of bad kamma or miseries or whatever his life
brings to him. He can withstand it no matter whatever comes to him.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>He will live this present life well
and prosperously, as well as in future lives to come.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
Writer San LinTunhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12056365074399264628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6704219644037564639.post-22911264447170060062017-01-17T04:07:00.002-08:002017-01-17T04:07:32.408-08:00A New Short Story Collection: A Preview<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
A New Short Story Collection: A Preview<br />
<br />
I am planning to publish my second short story collection titled "The Enigma of Big Bunny's Arrival and Other Short Stories" soon. The marvelous book cover has been drawn by a British author/ illustrator, Ben Hopkins who is also the editor of Myanmore Magazine. Due to his excellent skills in drawing and illustration, the book cover becomes wonderful for readers. The book will include 22 short stories to the enjoyment of local and foreign readers. Here is the cover for the short story collection:<br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-21Dh9qA9P4k/WH4I1yB6pCI/AAAAAAAAAYY/rLfqfTsIr8MVzlQhkpMo6WRt45qcCwbzACLcB/s1600/The%2BEnigma%2BOf%2BBig%2BBunny%2BStories.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="238" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-21Dh9qA9P4k/WH4I1yB6pCI/AAAAAAAAAYY/rLfqfTsIr8MVzlQhkpMo6WRt45qcCwbzACLcB/s320/The%2BEnigma%2BOf%2BBig%2BBunny%2BStories.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Writer San LinTunhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12056365074399264628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6704219644037564639.post-88804962436162082372017-01-17T03:51:00.001-08:002017-01-17T03:51:37.335-08:00Graphic Poems<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-d4S7L1n-0Kk/WH4E_eJOcsI/AAAAAAAAAYM/1eEqZrknK3QgLcFMI8gco9pVZ6Mep-U2QCLcB/s1600/Graphic%2BPoem.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-d4S7L1n-0Kk/WH4E_eJOcsI/AAAAAAAAAYM/1eEqZrknK3QgLcFMI8gco9pVZ6Mep-U2QCLcB/s320/Graphic%2BPoem.jpg" width="226" /></a></div>
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Graphic Poems to be enjoyed and ordered with best prices: You can reach at tun.sanlin@gmail.com.</div>
Writer San LinTunhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12056365074399264628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6704219644037564639.post-35302879403220325832016-03-19T01:40:00.001-07:002016-03-19T01:40:09.024-07:00Writer SanLinTun: Sand Stupa Festival<a href="http://writersanlintun.blogspot.com/2016/03/sand-stupa-festival.html?spref=bl">Writer SanLinTun: Sand Stupa Festival</a>: Sand Stupa Festival The weather becomes a bit hot when Tabaung , the final month of Myanmar calender comes in. But, in olden days, it...Writer San LinTunhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12056365074399264628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6704219644037564639.post-88012572860986824162016-03-07T08:19:00.002-08:002016-03-07T08:19:44.710-08:00A Pansodan Old Book Seller<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">A
Pansodan Old Book Seller</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sweat is streaming down
on his cheeks under the blaring Sun. U Hla Win, a street vendor of Pansodan
Street is trying to lay out old books, pamphlets, old post cards, magazines,
calenders and papers. He hopes that today also he can make some money selling
old items from his vendor shop. He has to start his shop around 1 p.m, which
may be an official time for opening up a street vendor shop like his. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">"Good afternoon, U
Hla Win!"</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">My greeting makes him
turn his head around. He is a man of sixty years old, but he seems younger than
his age. He usually wears a shabby hat and cloth. And he has stub moustache,
and beard. But he does not care much about it. It seems that he wants to keep a
low profile. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">When he sees me, he
smiles at me, as usual because he sees me here often when I look for old books.
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">"How's today?"</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">"No book is sold
yet."</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Then, one book attracts
my attention. It's title is Love written by Rosemary Haughton. The cover is old
enough. I ask him the price, then, he replies,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">"It's Ks 500."</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ryw65flvAAU/Vsx5lk8YD8I/AAAAAAAAATA/MnWiOAa7lis/s1600/20160216_134306_resized.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ryw65flvAAU/Vsx5lk8YD8I/AAAAAAAAATA/MnWiOAa7lis/s320/20160216_134306_resized.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The deal between us
sets. Today, I come here not only to look for a book but also to do an
interview with him. Later he starts his story in this way:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">"I'm from Alone
township. I started it when I was in my early 20s when I got married. I've never
done any other jobs apart from it. I have got a family, I have got two
daughters. One of them is a graduate from Distance University."</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">"In those days, I
used to sell old books on different places: Myay Ni Gone, Chauk Htet
Yone(6-storey building), Upper Bosunpat Street(formerly known as Maung Htaw Lay
Street) which is closer to the famous Bogyoke Aung San Market. Then, I moved my
venue to the middle block of Kone Zay Tan Street."</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Later, when he found a spot on Pansodan
Street, he decided to open up his vendor shop on it. The possible reason for
setting up his vendor shop here is that it is close to the famous Sar Pay Beik
Mam building, which is also known as BTS building which is Burma Translation
Society.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Another thing can be
that on this street, many famous writers, artists, editors and poets <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>walked down on their way to BTS building, and
Lawkanat Art Galerry. Some other literary enthusiats spend most of their times
around this area whenever they need books to be looked for. This is their meeting
place. That is why when he chose to open his vendor shop. If it was why, it was
the right decision he made for it.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">He has been doing this
kind of job over 40 years because he started doing this around 1975 when he
says that in those days selling books was well enough because there was much
interest from the side of the public. He could earn Ks 40 or Ks 50 a day. That
amount was good for supporting a family, but it was still hopeless for being
well-off.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-AcY6woCTkro/Vsx5WVNwwTI/AAAAAAAAAS8/4iRtfV5qBnI/s1600/20160216_133802_resized.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-AcY6woCTkro/Vsx5WVNwwTI/AAAAAAAAAS8/4iRtfV5qBnI/s320/20160216_133802_resized.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Nowadays, he needs to
earn Ks 4000 or Ks 6000 a day to cover his daily expenses. Sometimes, it is
well to do the business, but sometimes it is not very well because there are
days on which any books cannot find their potential buyers. One thing is that
the reading rate has became declined. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">He has been through
good and bad times of selling books in Yangon. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Anyone can see him when
he is preparing to open up his vendor shop around 1 p.m in front of the Post
and Telecommunication office on Pansodan Street. Though life is tough on him to
some degree, he still has stamina and resilience to run his shop. What a zeal
he has got!</span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Photos
and texts by San Lin Tun</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
Writer San LinTunhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12056365074399264628noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6704219644037564639.post-46895975425163507372016-03-07T08:18:00.002-08:002016-03-07T08:18:51.893-08:00Sand Stupa Festival<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sand
Stupa Festival</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The weather becomes a
bit hot when <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tabaung</i>, the final month
of Myanmar calender comes in. But, in olden days, it was truly said that the
weather is moderate as compared to the present climate. Even dry leaves began
to fall from their trees, leaving them all bare, and showing the impermanence
nature of them. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Some ancient Myanmar
poets says that it is the best month of the year when they try to compose its
excellent beauty. Not only the glamor of this season is composed in Myanmar
classical verses, but also the monk <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kaludayi</i>
composed the tranquility of this season with <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pali</i> language. He tried to plead respectfully this event to Lord
Buddha that itinerant travelers could enjoy the delight of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tabaung</i> during their trip. He said it
with 60 <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">gathas</i>(verses).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tabaung</i>, on white, and pure riverbanks many birds find much
felicity to enjoy the pleasure of the season. Apart from them, humans began to
show their interest in that, but not in fowl ways, but in humane ways. Because
of blissful and soothing mind, they decide that they should venerate Lord
Buddha. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Then, they found sand
which can be used for building sand stupas. One thing they choose sand is that
it is pure in its essence. Another one can be that there were countless Buddhas
appeared in the successive worlds and aeons. They want to venerate infinite
numbers of Buddhas. Sand is the perfect catalyst for this purpose.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In this month, people
try to celebrate sand stupa festivals along the sandbank of the Ayyerwaddy
river. Though the sand stupa is temporary for veneration and it has to be
completed in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a day, they worship it by
offering a thousand candles as well as flowers to gain much merit for their
virtuous conducts.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">They think that it can
be done when the weather favors them by providing them with necessary item
which is pure sand, and receding water level. Later, this trait handed down
from generation to generation. Younger ones also want to preserve this tradition
in their times. They also think that it should be well preserved for devotional
purposes.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">For anyone who is
interested in sand stupa, there is a<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>story about making it can be seen in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Apadana</i>
pali texts in this way. A hermit named <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Narada</i>
was living in a hut near Himalaya Mountain. Because of possessing potent power,
he had many disciples who praised him a lot.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">One day, the hermit
reflected on thus: "I have no one who admonishes me. I need to nurture the
attitude of seeking a good teacher whom I can be obedient. I'm going to search
for a respectful, appreciable, and venerable teacher."</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Near his humble
abode,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a small river flowed<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and there was full of pure sand he could see.
Truly, it was very pleasant. The hermit made a stupa with those sand, and
venerated it with much respect as if it were a real Buddha. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Later, he contemplated
thus: " Though living near to the Buddha, it is not suitable without
eradicating mental defilement." After his demise, he enjoyed reaching
good destinations many times until finally reaching Nibbana. <sup>1</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">People celebrate
building the sand studpas without knowing this story or not. They think that it
is satisfactory and pleasant to perform this noblest act during their lifetime.
They also think that their devotion will be enhanced because of that.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Some people build it
for removing bad <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">kammas</i> or for
warding off dangers they are going to face. Though difference in reasons and
purposes, anyone can build it with the genuine sense of devotion. It will be
more beneficial for anyone who has clear consciousness of the ultimate goal of
a Buddhist.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The benefit gained by donating sand can be
seen in this story. One day, a hunter went on hunting a deer, and found a
sanctuary dwelt by the Buddha. Feeling wonderful, he fetched sand and laid it
down the precinct of it. After his death, he never reached any woeful abodes
because of its good action until he reached his <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">arahanta</i>.<sup>2</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">These stories can
uplift the morale of any devotees whenever they read this kind of story. Some
people want to adopt this trait if they have a chance to do it. Though it seems
meager in shape and size of sand stupa, the benefit one gets from building is
enormous, one can say. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ipso
facto</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">, those who understand the salient features of sand
stupas want to build them when Tabaung is coming in. Also, they think that it
is the best and perfect time for it.■</span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">San
Lin Tun</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Reference:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1. pg, 127, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Vasondari and traditional items</i> by Teik
Soe</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2. Ibid, 128</span></div>
</div>
Writer San LinTunhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12056365074399264628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6704219644037564639.post-68524594937719052292016-02-13T05:34:00.001-08:002016-02-13T05:34:20.039-08:00Bon Appetit!!!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bon
Appetit!!!</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Suppose you are hungry
a bit some hours after your lunch. You imagine that it will be nice to have tea
and some Myanmar snacks. But, again, it is noteworthy that tea is an option, it
is not a compulsory. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">That time, a street
vendor is calling out from the depth of his throat in this way, "<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Shwe Yin Aye</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Moat Let Saung</i>!".<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One
can say that it is really euphonic to listen to them.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Any householders glance
at one another and wait for final decision. One of them has realized the
message another one gives, and goes out to the verendah and calls out the
seller to halt. Later, they send a child there and ordered two cups of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Shwe Yin Aye</i>, and one cup of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Moat Let Saung</i> for them.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Normally, the diligent
vendor comes to their less quiet surrounding at about one in the afternoon. The
inhabitants of the street know that it is the appropriate time for having some
snacks. But, for some people, their tea time or break time is around 3:30 or
4:00 in the evening. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">We can conclude that
we, Myanmar people, like to have snacks between these hours: 1:00 p.m to 4:oo
p.m. We also know that we have richness in Myanmar traditional snacks. But,
some want to enjoy modern foods at some famous food chains in Yangon.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The splendid and
dazzling modern delicacies can really attract anyone who wants to taste them.
But, they prefer traditional snacks. For "<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Shwe Yin Aye</i>", it is suitable for hot and sunny hours of
Tabotwe, Tabaung, and Tagoo. But, one can eat it anytime one likes to have. No
restrictions on this part. At one's fancy, one can have it. Actually, both of
them are really good for consuming.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The best thing to try
"<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Shwe Yin Aye</i>" is one of
its ingredients, which is <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kyauk Kyaw</i>
which is a bit softy, and jelly like. Normally, I firstly taste it with a
spoonful of the sweet solution of squeezed coconut juice induced with sugar.
Later, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sagu</i> or tapioca, and a slice
of bread. It can surely cool your warm chest because the weather is a bit hot
under the blaring, merciless sun.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Another one is <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Moat Let Saung</i> which is the concoction
of green colour <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mote Phat</i> (rice
droplets), sagu and the sweet solution of squeezed coconut. It can be served
with another solution made of jaggery. It is more tasty and good for everyone
who does not like the taste of coconut. Especially, a person with hypertension
should stay away from having it with coconut solution.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">At some other time,
they want to enjoy other Myanmar snacks. Then, they look for them in other
streets. Mostly, the vendor sellers gather near apartment buildings and
government buildings. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The vendors are very
smart to understand their market place where their real consumers will
definitely come and buy snacks from them. Actually, they are trying to fulfill
their needs. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Apart from
above-mentioned two snacks, the other favourite snacks they have is "<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Moat Lin Ma Yar</i> , literally translated
as (The Couple Snack)." It is really tasteful one. One thing interesting
about this snack is that when it is made, they use a special pan which has got
50 cavities in it. They pour dough into the swallow cavity, letting the outer
layer of it to be a little bit crisped. But, the inside of it is not meant to
be criped. Then, they put boiled pea sometime or they will put quail egg into
it to make it more tasty. It is much mouth watering to think about it. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Just a thought on it
gives one its smell and taste appearing in the mind of the thinker. So much
influential on people. Finally, the seller sprinkles pounded sessame to have
got perfect taste of it.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Another one is "<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Baine Moat</i>", which is "Myanmar
Pan Cake" which has got two kinds. The one is tawny colour sweeter one,
and the other is a non sweet whitish one. The first one is suitable for someone
who wants to have sweet. The smell is really good, and the taste is
exceptional. Anyone cannot deny the allurement of these delicacies. It is the
best when one eats with a cup of tea. A perfect pair one can say. The second
one is liked by girls rather than boys, because sometimes it is served with
shroudded chilies studded on the face of it and that<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>will give the whole pencake the hot taste. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">But, people have
different temperaments, and likings. They will choose whatever they like. It is
only up to them. Anyway, these snacks are the favourite ones of Myanmar.
Accordingly, they will have them whenever they feel fanciful to them. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">It is the best way to
suppress one's hunger by having one's traditional snacks. It will whet Myanmar
appetite, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">bon appetit</i>!!!■</span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">San
Lin Tun</span></b></div>
</div>
Writer San LinTunhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12056365074399264628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6704219644037564639.post-64693680444652168862016-02-04T03:32:00.002-08:002016-02-04T03:32:46.509-08:00Time to Celebrate VALENTINE'S Day<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Time
to Celebrate VALENTINE'S DAY</span></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-EXps_sMRRjk/VrM1u6GuoUI/AAAAAAAAASg/HJ-qEnTRyBg/s1600/2016-02-04%2B17.35.02_resized.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-EXps_sMRRjk/VrM1u6GuoUI/AAAAAAAAASg/HJ-qEnTRyBg/s400/2016-02-04%2B17.35.02_resized.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">V</span>alentine's Day! What a
thrilling word for me, Naing Naing thought. She knew that this year Valentine's
Day would be really special for her, because Ko Aung and she became lovers<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a month ago. It was such a happiness she felt
when they found out each other's love. She thought that it was a really
blessing moment of their life.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">She knew that Ko Aung
would love her sincerely because he had spent much time to court her. Every day
he was waiting for her outside of her office to accompany her to go back home.
Not a single day he missed his mission of going home together with her. He was
such a kind of wonk.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Naing Naing noticed
that Ko Aung was following her up to the bus stop but not too close, he kept
his own distance. When the bus for her came, he just appeared on the scene and
followed her up to the bus, which was all the time crowded with passengers.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">That time, he stood a
few far down from her, and staring at her. When she got off from the bus, he
followed her too. He stopped his steps when she entered her compound of the
house. But, he showed his hesitation, lingering around the house, though he
lived in the same street.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">This became his
routine. There is a proverb goes, "Perseverance wins the girl's
heart". This time it shows that it is true because later, she thought she
should give him a chance and on that day they became lovers. It was such a
great pleasure to be a couple. They could eat whatever they liked on the way
back home.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">She liked pork sticks
so much that he had to agree with her, and sat together with her though he
didn't like them much. But, they felt such a liberty to enjoy time together.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">This time, she knew
that she wanted to do something special for their loverhood. That would be
remembered until they were getting old. She suggested Ko Aung that they visit
some shopping centers and wear same colour and same fashion on that day.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">"Ko Aung,
Valentine's Day is coming nearer. We should do something memorable for
ourselves. What about wearing the same fashion on that day?", said Naing
Naing enthusiastically.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">At first, Ko Aung
didn't want to wear like that. He<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>thought that it was unneccessary. And, he thought that it would be like
some kind of "Yeine" troupe who usually perform their dance together.
Actually, he felt a little bit shy and hesitant to wear like that.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ko Aung seemed silent
on that because he didn't want to do any ceremonious thing. Actually, it was
not his type. But, he understood that he had to be sensible because a girl
could be grumpy on that small matter.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">"Um, if you wish,
let's do it. But, I don't want to look ridiculed by others. I don't want to
lose my face on that. All I want is to be happy with you", bemused by Ko
Aung.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Now, the decision went
back to Naing Naing who smiled broadly, and she said that she would devise the
plan for that. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She just said Ko Aung
that he should wear a white shirt and a good quality longyi which she would buy
them for him. For her, she would plan the dress. In this way, they had got
their agreement.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Finally, the day came.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Holding hand in hand,
they tried to find their way in the dazzling shopping center. They could see
many other couples wearing the same dresses on this day and showed much
happiness in their faces. They thought that they seemed a bit different from
other couples and they were outstanding among them. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Both of them noticed
other people were looking at them, not with contempt but with much admiration.
Only then, Ko Aung looked at Naing Naing who was wearing a pink sleeveless silk
blouse and a pink sarong which had got intricate floral patterns around it. The
pink colour was compatible with her fair complexion. Also, she applied a patch
of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">thanakkha</i> on each cheek <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to enhance her beauty. He realized how
beautiful and elegant her beauty was. He felt a wave of admiration spreading
across his whole body. He felt really proud of having such a tender and
graceful girl.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">He simply thought that he
was such a lucky person and this special moment would be kept in his heart
forever. As long as their love existed, he would feel this sensation again and
again. He hoped that this was the thing he needed for the life to come.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Naing Naing also looked
back at her lover, Ko Aung who looked spic and span in his Myanmar dress. Now
they understood that anyone could show their own beauty with one's own cultural
identity which was not outdated in any age. This is the beauty depicted by the
couple. They felt really happy and satisfied with what they did on this special
day. Both of them felt that the love between them seemed more enhanced. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">As youths, they wanted
to celebrate Valentine's Day together with others who were the same age as them.
Also they understood that they should gain something valuable for them on this
special moment. Now they got what they wanted: pleasure, understanding, and
satisfaction which would bring much meaning to their relationship.</span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Written by San
Lin Tun </span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-EXps_sMRRjk/VrM1u6GuoUI/AAAAAAAAASg/HJ-qEnTRyBg/s1600/2016-02-04%2B17.35.02_resized.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a><b>Illustration</b> <b>by Artist Ba Htay Kyi</b></div>
</div>
Writer San LinTunhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12056365074399264628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6704219644037564639.post-35982711230278971542016-01-27T06:42:00.001-08:002016-01-27T06:42:08.647-08:00The Literary Sky Over Pansodan Street<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
Literary Sky Over Pansodan Street</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">As for a Yangonite, what
is the best thing he can expect in a city like Yangon, formerly known as
Rangoon, apart from its burgeoning gorgeous restaurants, and splendid bars? It
seems that Yangon is never devoid of fun and excitement any city dweller is
looking for. In downtown area, there are several colonial buildings which still
maintain their grandeur and significance to visitors and viewers alike. Most of
those buildings such as former red-brick High Court, yellow colour painted Sofaer
building, whitewash Rander House building, massive Port Authority building lie
along Pansodan Street as well as some other buildings at a stretch of Merchant
Road. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The city itself gives
its dwellers to enjoy their lives living in it because it has become an architectural
museum blessed with various designs and architectures. If someone strolls along
Pansodan street, definitely he will see some old books or second hand book
selling vendor shops on the curb. They surely display some good quality of old
books ranging from English pulp fictions, non-fiction history books, magazines to
old English grammar books and several others.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">A young literature
enthusiast looks at them, and he is engrossed in them. That time,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a tall, brown-skinned, curly hair man aged
about 40 is trying to show him the best books he has got in his vender display
stand to a potential buyer who shows interest in a certain book. The buyer
looks at the book, and scans it with much attention. He does not seem to notice
other passers-by who cast a glance at him. </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-evZwj-v4tao/VqjUfz-QUFI/AAAAAAAAARs/KwNOwgW_Naw/s1600/20160126_124657_resized.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-evZwj-v4tao/VqjUfz-QUFI/AAAAAAAAARs/KwNOwgW_Naw/s320/20160126_124657_resized.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoCaption" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Figure <span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">1</span> Old Book Vendor Shops on
Pansodan Street</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Among the books, he
sees a a wide range of good English novels of George Orwell, Amy Tan, Amitav
Gosh, Wendy LawYone and many others. At a time, he has found a book he is
looking for. It is a book titled "Saving Fish From Drowning" written
by Amy Tan. Then, a <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>bargain between them
has settled, and the book buyer happily leaves the besmiling book seller, who
holds some notes in his hand.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Then, the book seller
looks up at the blaring sky, and tries to swipe his sweat from his forehead
which is glistening with the reflection of the sunray. This is his pure earning
he contemplates. He also knows how hard his life is, but, he shows any
unfliching attitude for this kind of business. He strives to afford his family
in this meager income. He knows that selling books is his passion, and he is
ascertained that it is the pure profession according to the religion he
believes in. </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_f2qzO-ujP4/VqjU4O3b8DI/AAAAAAAAAR0/JS9VlOVkUjo/s1600/20160126_124423_resized.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_f2qzO-ujP4/VqjU4O3b8DI/AAAAAAAAAR0/JS9VlOVkUjo/s320/20160126_124423_resized.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoCaption" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Figure <span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">2</span> Old Book Vendor Shops on
Pansodan Street</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Someone will be rich,
but not experienced of the satisfaction and complacency he has got now. This
thought makes him rejuvenating. At this time, his young child tries to tug the
fringe of his longyi to warn him that it is the time to have lunch which has
been brought by his lovely wife. He usually tells an interesting philosophy on
books:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>"If you know about books,
you don't want to sell them. Selling them out means you sell your own
children." Now, he is satisfied with this deal because his patron shows
much generosity while he is trying to buy the book from him.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">It is a common view a
person can see in this street and its environs. A visitor can see several lines
of book sellers on Pansodan street. But, they lie up to the corner of Pansodan Street
and Merchant Road. When the book enthusiast turns left into Merchant Road, he
will see other book vendors selling their books too. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Again, he follows other
vendor's shops which lies again in 37th street on which he needs to turn his
left again at the corner. In 37th street, apart from vendor shops, he will see
another book shop named Moe Kyaw Book House, beside which Ohn Saw(O.S) Book
Shop lies. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Ohn Saw (O.S) book
shop collects old books ranging from English books to Myanmar books. Old
Myanmar novels, magazines, periodicals are also available in this shop. A
little plump man in his 50s sells his book well. One thing he feels satisfied
with seling old books is that his shop is frequently visited by scholars, researchers,
literature enthusiats, as well as students, local and abroad alike.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-DjpQg_RDJSc/VqjVIX6ugJI/AAAAAAAAAR8/h7VaHDN8wKw/s1600/20160126_125557_resized.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-DjpQg_RDJSc/VqjVIX6ugJI/AAAAAAAAAR8/h7VaHDN8wKw/s320/20160126_125557_resized.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoCaption" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Figure <span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">3</span> Photo of Ohn Saw(O.S) Book
Shop on 37 th Street<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">He also seems to believe
in selling books in this way. He surely understands that selling old books
alone cannot make him affluent. But, this is his passion and he believes that
people need education, and he wants to fulfill this mission. That may be why
he sells his books with reasonable prices. One can say that he is friendly and
amiable to some extent.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Finding old books in
this street becomes a habit or tradition which one can get from older
generation. Possibily, a father, an uncle, or a brother trie to breed this
trait in children who will later enjoy literary pleasure. People, actually, can
read books in the public library or school library. But, it is more enjoyable
to look for books in this street. There is another reason for it, because some good
teashops lie in this street. </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kGGVFDwVmBo/VqjVYk9XQrI/AAAAAAAAASE/JbNejnt3zW8/s1600/20160126_125448_resized.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kGGVFDwVmBo/VqjVYk9XQrI/AAAAAAAAASE/JbNejnt3zW8/s320/20160126_125448_resized.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoCaption" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Figure <span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">4</span> Book Stacks inside O.S Book
Shop</b></div>
<div class="MsoCaption" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">After buying books, one can relax at the teashop,
just turning over the pages of the book over a cup of tea along with a pot of
green tea. It is also a habit almost every book lover does <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>after a visit to second hand book shops in
this street.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">More famous, and
prestigious than the two previous book shops in 37th street is Bagan book shop
which is renowned for its availability of English books. The owner U Htay Aung, a
man of smile, is willing to welcome any visitor to his shop. His shop was once
patronized by Thai Princess Siridon. This becomes incessant pride for the shop.
Whenever he relates the story to the visitor, his excitement and enthusiasm
never lax. Irrevocably, he is sociable and an avid book collector, too. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sometimes, upon asking
on business, he mumbles and grumbles about not selling well of the books when
less visitors come to his shop. Selling books is his only income, and he has got
his regular foreign patrons when the tour season is high. Steadily, he
continues doing this business because his late father established this book
shop when he was alive. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The owner told the
interviewer that he wanted to hand down this shop to his graduated daughter
because it is his family legacy, and business. When he talks this, the
interviewer can discern his eagerness, and hope in his business. </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-itdxZrE3mm8/VqjVoX8yWZI/AAAAAAAAASM/iZtKCCU2PR4/s1600/20160126_125657_resized.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-itdxZrE3mm8/VqjVoX8yWZI/AAAAAAAAASM/iZtKCCU2PR4/s320/20160126_125657_resized.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoCaption" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Figure <span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">5</span> Bagan Book Shop on 37th
Street</b></div>
<div class="MsoCaption" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">He told thus: "My
father teaches me how to sell and collect books. I've learned quite a number of
things from him. My father starts it by the encouragement of his friends who supported
him to do it. Later, he has successfully established the leading English book
selling shop in downtown Yangon."</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">It is true that a
viewer can see many books lie neatly on the book shelves. He can feel wonderful
of the availability of old books. He picks up a book titled "Burmese
Folktales" which author is late Dr Htin Aung, a well-respected Burmese
scholar, and educator. When he turns some pages over, he sees interesting tales
of Myanmar. Then, he decides he should buy it, and he pays the cash and takes
the book with him.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">When he gets out of the
shop, luckily he sees a teashop, above which a big tin kettle is hanged to
represent the symbol of the teashop. He has got a few time to linger on in this
street because he is not in a hurry to go back. He sits down at a plastic stool
which is arranged outside of the teashop. As quick as possible, a young waiter
comes up to him, and asks him what he wants to order.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">He just says that he
will drink "<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pot Seint</i>"
which is less sweet, and less strong type of tea. A few seconds later, a cup of
tea is put forward to him. He turns over the pages and reads a story out of the
book. He knows it is such an enjoyable experience, and a very much relaxing
time for him. He feels like he is embraced warmly and tenderly by an affectionate
city called Yangon.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">A while later, he
leaves the teashop, and directs his steps again towards Pansodan Street. Promptly,
he looks up at the sky and, surprisingly, he has realized that it is bright
with literature.■</span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Photos and Texts
by San Lin Tun</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">About
the Author</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">He was born in Yangon,
and educated at Yangon Technological University (YTU), International Theravada
Buddhist Missionary University (ITBMU), and edX HarvardX. He is a 2011 NAW
contributor, a short story instructor and literary translator of H2 project,
and a first prize winner of poetry for 2015 Wales National Day. One can reach
him at<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>writersanlintun.blogspot.com.</span></div>
</div>
Writer San LinTunhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12056365074399264628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6704219644037564639.post-55779581455666332882016-01-20T09:52:00.000-08:002016-01-20T09:53:15.968-08:00An iSmart Bus Ride<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">An
iSmart Bus Ride</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Nowadays, riding a <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>bus is a bit different from ten years back.
Those days are gone, an urbanite says if<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>he wants to live in a current age. Definitely, it is true that old buses
have been replaced with new ones. That shows that urban people are enjoying new
modes of transportation. But, some still have not got new ideas of riding them
in a more comfortable ways as some buses are provided with air conditioning for
the pleasant sensation for passengers. They might think that their lives have
been improved as the way of life is changed.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Even some third pary
company has been trying to introduce smart card which is a new way of payment
system. Urbanites do not need to carry cash or dough, whatever they say, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the similar replica for money. It is true that
it is really workable and practical for some experienced people who use them.
But, for some it is a totall debacle.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Holding the card in
hand and handing out it to the bus conductor seems like doing a luxuriant thing
for people. They can be looked like how smart they are. It is true that people
want to be really smart in this age of smart world. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The word
"smart" is everywhere, from credit card, handset, etc to smart car,
and smart house. Everyone and everything seem to embrace this word tenderly. We
have to be smart to live in this world. It becomes a contemporary axiom.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Let's say a passenger
gets in the bus. Normally, they usually hop in it from the side door. But, the
new bus allows people to get in from the front door, and they have to get off
from the side door. The getting in and getting out of a normal bus is easier
and more habitual for city dwellers who are willing to do it.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Riding in a fully
air-conditioned bus is not a hard thing to do. Just get in and sit relaxed. The
conductor will come to you and ask for the card you're ready to thrush. They
happily accept it and they will use their card reader box to retrieve bus fare
from the card. After that, they will give it back to you. It is for normal
people who have got knowledge about using the card.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Look at some other
people, and how they respond to it. A passenger seems to look confused about
using the card. He does not know how it works. He looks at other fellow
passengers. He looks helpless, looking for someone who can help them. Definitely,
no one seems to help him out of this trouble. The solution is really easy. But,
he does not have much knowledge how to do it.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The conductor asks him
whether he has got a card or not. He just zips up his mouth. He looks at him
blankly. The conductor tells him that they just only accept "iPay"
card, nothing else can be replaced it. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The word "iPay"
seems a little bit strange to his ears. What's that? He asks himself. Simply he
just shakes his head. Then, the bus conductor has realized that this pity
fellow does not understand the meaning of "iPay".</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">"I mean that we do
not accept money for bus ride, we accept "iPay card" only", lectures
the bus conductor. " If you do not have the card, you need to get off at
another bus stop, and find another bus to ride.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">That is all. How
wonderful it is! The fellow passenger has to imply it because he cannot find
another way to solve it. Every passenger looks at him indifferently because
they seem to be too relaxed on the coolness of the air-conditioning and the
music the bus is now playing for them.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">They are totally lost
in the luxury of life.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Not so much long, they
arrive at the bus stop. The urbanite exclaims, "What a crowd there!".
People are trying to get in through the side door which is shut for its own
reason. Some people hurriedly get in from the front door. In a few minutes,
every seat in the bus is totally occupied by the passengers who are ready to
enjoy the more comfortable, enjoyable, and smarter bus ride.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">It will be their popular
gossip among their neighbours when they reach at home or at their quarter.
Then, people will show surprise and want to experience it because they also
want to be smart and like to enjoy an iSmart bus ride.</span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>San Lin Tun</span></b></div>
</div>
Writer San LinTunhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12056365074399264628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6704219644037564639.post-68654033969895263372015-12-10T20:37:00.001-08:002015-12-10T20:37:26.117-08:00Myanmar Saing Waing (Drum Ensemble)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Myanmar
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saing Waing</i> (Drum Ensemble)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Myanmar <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saing</i>
or Drum Ensemble is very much popular among people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They want to see it often at pagoda festivals
and at special occasions like donation ceremony or others.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>That time people usually hire a good <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">saing waing</i> to entertain people or guests after a day's work of
donation or at the inception of novitiation or ordination ceremonies. But, it
is not compulsory to do it, but some affordable persons or donors prefer to
hold it.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>As soon as the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">saing</i>
master displays his virtuosity, people gather around his <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">saing waing</i>, and listen raptly to his improvisation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>People feel awestruck by his dexterity in handling 21
drums which are arranged in circle. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Looking back into the history, people can learn that
Myanmar Kings showed interest in this music. It can be seen very clearly in the
Glass Palace Chronicles in this way:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>"In the year of 906, King Shwe Hti reached the town
called Salin when he marched with his troops by land and by water, and camped
at the jetty of it. Then, he heard the music issuing from the platform of the
Shwe Tan Zar pagoda. His commanders told him that it was the songs of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pat Saing</i> which was also the name of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saing Waing</i>. Accordingly, he ordered
them that the lives of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">saing</i>
players spared."<sup>1</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>As well, it cannot seperate Myanmar people from Myanmar <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">saing waing</i> because it stays with them
for a long time in terms of seriousness and happiness.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It is needed to mention one of the famous <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">saing</i> master Sein Beda who was
well-known for his own techniques of playing drums. His father was also a
famous Myanmar <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">saing</i> master who
served under Myanmar king.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-B5zgdqSeh8U/VmpSefgcSwI/AAAAAAAAAQ8/1FdxumMf6_E/s1600/20151211_101616-1-1_resized_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="292" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-B5zgdqSeh8U/VmpSefgcSwI/AAAAAAAAAQ8/1FdxumMf6_E/s320/20151211_101616-1-1_resized_1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="clear: right; float: right; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>There were some occasions in which Sein Beda performed
his <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">saing</i> skills to the delight of
King Thibaw, the last king of Koungbaung Dynasty. The first one was that when
the king ascended a new residence at Ratanagiri and the other was that at the
ear-boring ceremony of the royal princess.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Because of his excellent calibre, the king Thibaw
bestowed him the title of "Ne Myo Bala Kyaw Thu" and the right of
display four gold-leafed staffs of honour on his drum circle."</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Later in one occasion, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">saing</i> attendant-cum-singer summoned his master to play the saing in
this way:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>"Titled Ne-Myo-Bala-Kyaw-Thu by royal pleasure, thy
musical genius, without exaggeration, is saluted by musicians throughout the
land. Oh brother, music university personified, I, Sein Nyo Seint propose that
you tap your drums with the dark sandal tips of your fingers." <sup>2</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Such words are really elated and exhilarating when
someone hears it. At the time, a music lover understands and feels excited that
it is the time for saing master to show his virtuosity.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Later, the small drums in the circle will tell how
skillful the master is. At every touch, it sounds like the most brilliant and
clearest piece of tune jumping out of it to the enjoyment of the audience.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Some songs tried to jerk the people's delight. It goes
this way:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>"Behold, the person of Sein Beda, those who say he
is dark skinned have their tongues in their cheeks. When he was born, the midwife
got only a quarter kyat for her pains. In retaliation she immersed the infant
in soot. Behold the result!"<sup>3</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Those words bring the hall down. But, the master never
reduces his gusto, with unflinch composure he played continuously.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>His <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mingala Byaw
Nyunt</i> is still popular for alms-giving occasions. In this time, he sang it
himself. The texts of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Byaw</i> really
encroaching. It runs thus:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Pandal in mid-town, communal alms-giving,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Old, old monastery with balustrade in ruins;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Since our novice lives there, abundant rains!</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>As I walk east and gaze west over my shoulder,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>I see the Pagoda with its gold banner and streamers;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>That's where my darling is, the reverend novice.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>How lovely is the entrance leading to it_</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The Gold Enlightenment Monastery!<sup>4 </sup></span><span style="font-family: "Myanmar1","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It needs to mention about tuning of the drums, i.e, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pat-sa-poh</i>. The drum master has to be
really adept at doing it while the session of humour and slapstick were
inserted by rear members of the saing. During the time, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">saing</i> master has to finish his tuning.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In this practise, Sein Beda was renowned for his
judgement of the amount of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pat-sa</i>
which is boiled rice and wood-ash kneaded with water into a dough.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Later, his pupils adopted the initial word
"Sein" before their name, like Sein Hnget Yo, Kyaukpadaung Sein Maung
Tint, Sein Mg Ko, Sein Hla Maung, Sein Kyaw Tint, etc.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Anyway, sometimes "<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">saing</i>" is played by itself, but sometimes together with <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">zat</i>, or <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A-nyeint</i>. No matter what it takes, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">saing</i> shows its enchantment to the delight of people.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>As long as Myanmar lasts, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saing</i> will survive. It is true.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Nowadays we still find the emergence of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saing</i> master like Myanmar Pyi Kaung Sein
who have played the album named "The Proclamation And Myanmar "<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saing</i>" ". In that album, he
has rearranged the famous songs like <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Asia
Great Man Bo Aung San</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Public
Father</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sheer Courage</i>, etc. He
has made rearrangements for those songs to be fit to play for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saing</i>. One can say this is his new
creation, and he has done very well to do that.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GRRQNsA0sEE/VmpSlxj62lI/AAAAAAAAARE/3UIb-YoSLrU/s1600/20151210_191812-1_resized_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="287" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GRRQNsA0sEE/VmpSlxj62lI/AAAAAAAAARE/3UIb-YoSLrU/s320/20151210_191812-1_resized_1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="clear: right; float: right; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Anyway, Myanmar <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saing</i>
gives strength and pleasure to Myanmar people whose hearts can discern the subtle
and profound kind of art, and they feel satisfied with their life with it.■</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">References</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1. Tekkatho Maung Thu
Hlaing, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Myanmar Traditional Orchestra
Instruments</i>, p 12</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>K, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Burmese
Culture</i>, p 61</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">3. Ibid</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">4. Ibid, p 65</span></div>
</div>
Writer San LinTunhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12056365074399264628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6704219644037564639.post-43001547905074626472015-12-03T00:28:00.001-08:002015-12-03T00:28:16.271-08:00My Book List<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<b><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: large;">My Book List:<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> </span></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">3 children books, 2 non-fiction books,1 fiction book, 1 short story, 1 poetry book, and 1 essay book.</span></span></b> <br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-LzCaQz8DcGk/Vl_yrvP_ZpI/AAAAAAAAAPM/zkMI4WN9-bw/s1600/20151203_131637.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="150" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-LzCaQz8DcGk/Vl_yrvP_ZpI/AAAAAAAAAPM/zkMI4WN9-bw/s200/20151203_131637.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ijN3PEaCtSw/Vl_ys7MdesI/AAAAAAAAAPY/i7-7qXVUU_A/s1600/20151203_131710.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="150" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ijN3PEaCtSw/Vl_ys7MdesI/AAAAAAAAAPY/i7-7qXVUU_A/s200/20151203_131710.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9DblFR1vb4E/Vl_ykmDCouI/AAAAAAAAAPI/4v-H_4qv_74/s1600/20151203_131655.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="150" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9DblFR1vb4E/Vl_ykmDCouI/AAAAAAAAAPI/4v-H_4qv_74/s200/20151203_131655.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fVLY5jE3mWA/Vl_3lYyEeaI/AAAAAAAAAQQ/ti0UrAMBWXo/s1600/20151203_131734-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fVLY5jE3mWA/Vl_3lYyEeaI/AAAAAAAAAQQ/ti0UrAMBWXo/s200/20151203_131734-1.jpg" width="137" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">A Poetry Book</span></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vJKxiPWyZoI/Vl_1P5-X43I/AAAAAAAAAPk/CLZlvtxDGTg/s1600/20151203_132046-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vJKxiPWyZoI/Vl_1P5-X43I/AAAAAAAAAPk/CLZlvtxDGTg/s200/20151203_132046-1.jpg" width="124" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Non-fiction</span></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DHSNXibp7z8/Vl_1ctYJ4wI/AAAAAAAAAP0/GcgXQilSBZI/s1600/20151203_132010-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DHSNXibp7z8/Vl_1ctYJ4wI/AAAAAAAAAP0/GcgXQilSBZI/s200/20151203_132010-1.jpg" width="141" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">A Short Story Collection</span></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8jxSFe3OPiQ/Vl_3RBGm6cI/AAAAAAAAAQA/AKgwwDVe4nI/s1600/20151203_132113-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8jxSFe3OPiQ/Vl_3RBGm6cI/AAAAAAAAAQA/AKgwwDVe4nI/s200/20151203_132113-1.jpg" width="131" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">A Fiction</span></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-gftCEr2HZPE/Vl_1RXtr5eI/AAAAAAAAAPs/Yn6bC2NzNPg/s1600/20151203_132028-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-gftCEr2HZPE/Vl_1RXtr5eI/AAAAAAAAAPs/Yn6bC2NzNPg/s200/20151203_132028-1.jpg" width="130" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Non-fiction</span></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RGDaGq5yjow/Vl_3bla2UVI/AAAAAAAAAQI/56aOLV5sDtM/s1600/20151203_131934-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RGDaGq5yjow/Vl_3bla2UVI/AAAAAAAAAQI/56aOLV5sDtM/s320/20151203_131934-1.jpg" width="232" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">An Essay</span></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fVLY5jE3mWA/Vl_3lYyEeaI/AAAAAAAAAQQ/ti0UrAMBWXo/s1600/20151203_131734-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> </a><br /><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fVLY5jE3mWA/Vl_3lYyEeaI/AAAAAAAAAQQ/ti0UrAMBWXo/s1600/20151203_131734-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
</div>
Writer San LinTunhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12056365074399264628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6704219644037564639.post-50986477380419274652015-11-23T07:37:00.001-08:002015-11-23T07:39:06.244-08:00Red Dragon: The Award-winning poem of 2015 Wales National Day<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Red Dragon</span></b></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Oh! The glorious spirits of
heroes!</span></i></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-NAZ0_e3y83E/VlMv5qu7xVI/AAAAAAAAAOc/5B8mIcEGpuM/s1600/IMG_20831632031983.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-NAZ0_e3y83E/VlMv5qu7xVI/AAAAAAAAAOc/5B8mIcEGpuM/s200/IMG_20831632031983.jpeg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Awake! And convey and transmit</span></i></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Your bravery into my heart.</span></i></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">As dauntless as the heart of the
red dragon</span></i></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">I do want to be turned into.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">The red
words as the volume of strength</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Stand on
my heart grandly,</span></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-r_AETiEx0Gk/VlMwHIQStgI/AAAAAAAAAOk/RIm0uXdpBKo/s1600/IMG_10734897323726.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-r_AETiEx0Gk/VlMwHIQStgI/AAAAAAAAAOk/RIm0uXdpBKo/s200/IMG_10734897323726.jpeg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">With no
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Blazing
with the glory of daring</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Will I
be adorned with the trophy.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">As a
Welsh,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">I adore
the truth, and worship gallantry,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">As
steadfast, alert, and penetrating</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">As the
red dragon,</span></div>
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</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QgseQmPiI_A/VlMxCKWBfoI/AAAAAAAAAO0/dOfU8C26aWw/s1600/IMG_10460717353460.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-S3sU3nVLXTM/VlMwxMD3nDI/AAAAAAAAAOs/N8JDSo9Tp0s/s1600/IMG_10926747056429.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-S3sU3nVLXTM/VlMwxMD3nDI/AAAAAAAAAOs/N8JDSo9Tp0s/s200/IMG_10926747056429.jpeg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">We have
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">With the
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Our
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">This is
our victorious flag,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">This is
our state,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">This is
our victory,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QgseQmPiI_A/VlMxCKWBfoI/AAAAAAAAAO0/dOfU8C26aWw/s1600/IMG_10460717353460.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QgseQmPiI_A/VlMxCKWBfoI/AAAAAAAAAO0/dOfU8C26aWw/s200/IMG_10460717353460.jpeg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">This is
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">The
legend says that the red dragon</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Defeated
bravely the white dragon.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">He is
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">He is
our heart.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">He is
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">He is
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">He is
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">He is
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">He is
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">He is
full of strength, and powerful</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">And set
down the long lasting tradtion </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">more
than a hundred years,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">It will
be existed in our hearts</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">for
thousand years for freedom and the truth.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Oh!
Convince it. <br />
The victorious red dragon.</span></div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">San Lin Tun </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> (The first prize winner of poetry </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> for 2015 Wales National Day)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">(It is the translation of the award-winning poem for 2015 Wales National Day.)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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Writer San LinTunhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12056365074399264628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6704219644037564639.post-46474733150199697672015-11-15T10:13:00.001-08:002015-11-15T10:13:44.958-08:00My New Poem-Artwork<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_h04LV6amfY/VkjKK3obxnI/AAAAAAAAAOE/H_ycYLfbd2Y/s1600/to%2Bthe%2Bgoal%2Bcopy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_h04LV6amfY/VkjKK3obxnI/AAAAAAAAAOE/H_ycYLfbd2Y/s320/to%2Bthe%2Bgoal%2Bcopy.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
Writer San LinTunhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12056365074399264628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6704219644037564639.post-26300653757714552122015-11-13T08:47:00.001-08:002015-12-03T00:40:20.059-08:00New Vision Rare Books And Art Centre<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "ag old face shaded" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">New Vision Rare Books And Art Centre</span><span style="font-family: "ag old face shaded" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Rain falls nearly every day these days so that life
becomes a little bit lethargic and <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>boring. But, this is the event which can
remove that dulless and boredome from everyone. Every book lovers and art
enthusiasts will definitely love it. It is nothing but the 3rd Collection Show
of Art and Book Exhibition which will go on at New Vision Rare Books and Art
Centre which invites everyone who wants to taste and explore famous Myanmar artwork
and old books. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Old book enthusiasts know the name of this book shop
already because it has collected many books including Myanamar books as well as
English books. It is sure the owner U Hla Min has painstakingly collected those
books for his own reference as well as for the interest of general public.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>This exhibition is showcasing the great works of Myanmar
artists including U Ba Kyi, U Tun Nyunt, U Khin Maung(Bank), U Chit Mye, U Myat
Kyaw, U Kan Nyunt, U Nyan Shein, U Aung Chan, U M.Tin Aye, U San Shein, U Htun
Kyi, U Law San, U Lu Tin, U Maung Maung Thein(Pathein), U Hla Thein Aung, U
Than Kywe, U Tin Aung Htaik, U Mya Aung, U M. Mya Lwin, and U Thar Zan. They
all are well-know Myanmar artists.</span><br />
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/user/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="file:///C:/Users/user/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6704219644037564639" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ClV0-uhfpjs/Vl__jhm9bEI/AAAAAAAAAQk/dmXIUcnAS8o/s1600/20150722_103926.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ClV0-uhfpjs/Vl__jhm9bEI/AAAAAAAAAQk/dmXIUcnAS8o/s200/20150722_103926.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>New Vision rare books and art centre also display various
books including Myanmar books as well as English ones. Among those English ones
are History of The Shan State, The Upper Burma Gazetter, Epigraphia Birmanica,
A Civil Servant In Burma by Sir Herbert Thirkell White, K.C.I.E, the Soul of A
People by H.Fielding Hall, The Burma Law Reports 1949, Old Burma-Early Pagan
Vol I/II, Journal of his Second Embassy to the Court of Ava in 1802 by Michael
Symes, Heaven-Born in Burma by Maurice Maybury, and many others.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Exploring this centre is worthwhile and it will enhance
knowledge and interest in art and history for everyone. It is a good
opportunity for book lovers, researchers, art enthusiasts and knowledge seekers
who expect this kind of event in downtown Yangon.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The exhibition <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>starts
from 22. 7. 2015 and ends in 31.7. 2015. The exhibition time will be 9:00 am to
5:00 pm. The owner of the centre says that the center will be still open after
this exhibition, and anyone will have a chance to look at his collections.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The exhibition is now going on at No, 234/236, 1st floor,
Pansodan Street, Kyauktada Township, Yangon, and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>contact phone numbers are 01-242729,
0973113224, 09799663417. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>(photos and texts: San Lin Tun)</span></div>
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Writer San LinTunhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12056365074399264628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6704219644037564639.post-4190396505405193672015-11-13T08:39:00.003-08:002019-10-10T02:48:54.695-07:00Poems<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br />
<b>Poems</b><br />
Poems<b> </b>are for enjoyment. </div>
Writer San LinTunhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12056365074399264628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6704219644037564639.post-77955367439073700122015-11-06T09:04:00.000-08:002020-02-04T06:25:49.693-08:00Myanmar Classical Poem<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "emblem" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Exuberant Lunar Illumination</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "emblem" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Kc41HExEFBE/Xjl-i_f6bKI/AAAAAAAAA_A/mtO3MmfIjvwPhGh5ULpGeWMta9keDi81QCNcBGAsYHQ/s1600/moon%2Band%2Bbamboo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="206" data-original-width="276" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Kc41HExEFBE/Xjl-i_f6bKI/AAAAAAAAA_A/mtO3MmfIjvwPhGh5ULpGeWMta9keDi81QCNcBGAsYHQ/s1600/moon%2Band%2Bbamboo.jpg" /></a></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">.Facing towards
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Which is the centre of triumph in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Zambudipa</i> Island, with a wish for arriving
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The mist is shrouding, and the forest is
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">At this time at the triumph centre of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ratanatheinga,</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">And they mix with the sun rays and
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">. The Sun shines
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island, </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">When going to bed, I clear-mindedly pay
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">At this time, in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Naypyidaw</i>, in front of the gates named in compatible combination as
in, </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Indra,
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Like <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Devas</i>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">in the vicinity of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Golden City, the clear water and sandbank are
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">. It is the end
of Summer, and, the time to Moonson_ the lent</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">In <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Naypyidaw</i>
where the pleasant and colourful monasteries and pagodas,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Are teeming with city dwellers, who
observe precepts and perform donation unitedly.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">I think about it, while in a nap, like a
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">It is in the state of departing, from
the destined lover who is the consort since teenage,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Who is beautiful and supple. Though I
send a message, she cannot be heard,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Not in the position of going there. My
worries still have much duration.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">My son who is like a gold slab, my
daughter who is like a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Singi</i> gold,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">They want to be embraced, in the bosom
of their father, putting their hands against it,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Both of them who are the dearest of
their parents, who are flagrant like snow dew.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Written
by Minister Letwel Thondara</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">(Wai- Shunn-San-Dar/ Pite-Sone-Ratu)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Translated by San Lin Tun</span></div>
</div>
Writer San LinTunhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12056365074399264628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6704219644037564639.post-47229208343798536692015-11-06T08:51:00.001-08:002015-11-06T08:51:33.291-08:00Book Release<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span>Book Details
</span>
<br />
<div id="event2">
<div class="InnerMost">
<table cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="150">
<a class="customGal" href="http://www.myanmarbookshop.com/%28X%281%29%29/Images/Contents/Thumbnails/SLTTeaShop.jpg" id="zoomimage_577_trigger" title="Reading a George Orwell Novel in A Myanmar Teashop & Other Essays"><img class="PdtLrgImg" src="http://www.myanmarbookshop.com/%28X%281%29%29/Images/Contents/Thumbnails/SLTTeaShop.jpg" /></a>
</td>
<td width="407">
<ul class="Pdt">
<li class="PdtFulDplN">Reading a George Orwell Novel in A Myanmar Teashop & Other Essays</li>
<li>
<div id="cphCB_cphCB_rptDetails_UpdatePanelADC_0">
</div>
<table cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="PdtPrcN">
16.00 USD
</td>
<td class="ATC">
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li class="PdtFulPdc">
<b>Author(s): </b>
<a href="http://www.myanmarbookshop.com/%28X%281%29%29/All/BooksofAuthor/2629" target="_self" title="View all items by this author.">San Lin Tun</a>
</li>
<li class="PdtCGDN1"><b>Type: </b> English Books</li>
<li class="PdtAllCtg">
<b>Category: </b>
<a href="http://www.myanmarbookshop.com/%28X%281%29%29/EnglishBooks/BooksofCategory/222" target="_self" title="View all books of this category.">Literature (Poetries / Essays / Classics / Fictions / Letters / Speeches)</a>
</li>
<li><b>No of Pages: </b>239</li>
<li><b>Binding: </b>Paperback</li>
<li><br /></li>
<li><b>Size: </b>13 cm x 21 cm</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" width="526">
<ul class="Pdt">
<li><b>Description: </b>Please read pdf file for more details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<br />
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Writer San LinTunhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12056365074399264628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6704219644037564639.post-6544575755006211592015-10-15T08:28:00.001-07:002015-10-15T08:28:37.726-07:00A Shirt And Other Poems<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-DsU9tunkF4A/Vh_EY-9eYNI/AAAAAAAAANo/CmJvTwDyxpQ/s1600/12105793_921773404564963_4222764162648592734_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-DsU9tunkF4A/Vh_EY-9eYNI/AAAAAAAAANo/CmJvTwDyxpQ/s320/12105793_921773404564963_4222764162648592734_n.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">My new poetry book is out and available at local book stores. </span>You can enjoy them as you like. It is categorized into five categories: (1) Life and Ideas (2) Love (3) Gloomy (4) Inspiration and (5) Miscellaneous. It is consisted of four two poems.</div>
</div>
Writer San LinTunhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12056365074399264628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6704219644037564639.post-13144773306748199902015-10-15T07:59:00.000-07:002015-11-13T08:22:57.859-08:00Visiting Mawlamyine<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "grover"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Estrangelo Edessa"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Visiting
Mawlamyine</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "grover"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Estrangelo Edessa";"></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "emblem" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 28.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">M</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">awlamyine
is always fascinating for me, but I have never explored the whole city
because it is usually my transit destination whenever I go to Dawei. But, this
time I have a chance to look around it.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AZHjHwyW_Kk/Vh-3g8uyqhI/AAAAAAAAAMs/HKk09CDg6xQ/s1600/12074614_921193547956282_6918545043403736196_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AZHjHwyW_Kk/Vh-3g8uyqhI/AAAAAAAAAMs/HKk09CDg6xQ/s320/12074614_921193547956282_6918545043403736196_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/user/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">I stay at Ngwe Moe
Hotel which is situated on the corner of Kyaikthoke Pagoda Road and Strand
Road. When I get up this morning, I think of a place to go first, because last
night when I hailed a motorbike, and its driver told me there is a cultural museum
in this city. I really want to see it. So, I decide I will go there and visit
it.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Then, I leave the hotel
for the place where the museum lies. But, I do not know which way to go.
Easily, I follow the lane which is beside the hotel building, and that lane
leads to another road called Lower Main Road which runs horizontally as
Strand Road does. I go a few further down and another lane I find, and
I follow it.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">To my surprise, I find
the museum which is situated at another junction. I read the board which is
stated at the entrance of it. I step into the museum and the staff there
welcome me. I need to pay Ks 200 for admission fees which is cheaper than the
one which is set for foreign visitors which is Ks 2000. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Firstly, I explore the
ground floor, and find several interesting things displayed in it. I find the
walls which shows the process of making pipe, slate, salt production, pottery,
etc. It is really knowledge to look at them.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1gdg3LortNA/Vh-4Nw2tRZI/AAAAAAAAAM0/rfco04CtbLY/s1600/12107976_921205637955073_74647744067503292_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1gdg3LortNA/Vh-4Nw2tRZI/AAAAAAAAAM0/rfco04CtbLY/s320/12107976_921205637955073_74647744067503292_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">I find the photo of U
Nar Auk who is a bit famous for his patriotic spirit which was shown to
English when he tried to ply his ships comparatively to English ones. Another
interesting display is the letter to U Chit Hlaing by Gen Aung San. It is quite
wonderful to read such a good letter.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">After that, I go
upstairs where I find a few oil paintings which I take some of those. Then,
when I am about to leave the museum, I find the pamphlet prepared by Cinderella
Hotel which is recommended by Lonely Planet and Tripadvisor. There I find
interesting places I should visit. </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Qne3-ou-fok/Vh-4gZpPdoI/AAAAAAAAAM8/btVAB2zOEZg/s1600/12118750_921205511288419_2492072744548560130_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Qne3-ou-fok/Vh-4gZpPdoI/AAAAAAAAAM8/btVAB2zOEZg/s320/12118750_921205511288419_2492072744548560130_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Among them I choose the
Clock Tower which was built in 1912 when VII Prince of Wales visited
Burma/Myanmar. I look at the pamphlet and direct my steps to it. But,
unfortunately I take the wrong direction which I find when I see Theik Pan
Street which is totally in different direction.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5IB7BTfFIC4/Vh-4wIjm4QI/AAAAAAAAANE/-fEvAzkJhXI/s1600/12118809_921193517956285_1930204299899343598_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5IB7BTfFIC4/Vh-4wIjm4QI/AAAAAAAAANE/-fEvAzkJhXI/s320/12118809_921193517956285_1930204299899343598_n.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">So, I take along Lower
Main Road back until I reach the museum. Then, a few feet away from it lies the
clock tower, in front of which lies the park called Mawrawaddy park in which I
take a short rest because I feel a bit thirsty. </span></div>
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Myoma River View Restaurant which lies on Strand Road. Its decoration invites me
to go into it. I love its arrangement and I find local souvenir shops in it. </span></div>
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family. I am sure they will like them. With a happy sensation, I return to my
hotel when the clock strikes 12:30 p.m.</span></div>
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and viewpoint where I can take photos of the city. Accordingly, I call my last
night motorbike taxi driver. In less than five minutes, the driver arrives at
the hotel entrance, waiting for me to go.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">He is a good, friendly man
and a man of knowledge about the city. I get on his bike and off we go to the
market where many goods are sold. I find much people there, but on Lower Main
Road few pedestrians can be found, but several motorbikes are going. </span></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-u4micsGuQQE/Vh--RN8b3XI/AAAAAAAAANQ/cYG1s-SMuoU/s1600/12096057_921763427899294_6077404755293290751_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-u4micsGuQQE/Vh--RN8b3XI/AAAAAAAAANQ/cYG1s-SMuoU/s320/12096057_921763427899294_6077404755293290751_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">When I reach the
viewpoint, I find some people sitting at the bench prepared for viewers. I take
a few photos of the city, and enjoy the scene.</span></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qiEH-CZgbyI/Vh--hUPNh9I/AAAAAAAAANY/bGpHF11JoaA/s1600/12122738_921763497899287_2825819458602136811_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qiEH-CZgbyI/Vh--hUPNh9I/AAAAAAAAANY/bGpHF11JoaA/s320/12122738_921763497899287_2825819458602136811_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Later, I go to visit Mawlamyine
University and I tell the driver to bring me to the last night teashop named "Min See Sein" which can be translated as "Royal Luxury" where we
order and enjoy our tea before I go back to my hotel and pack my things for
tomorrow trip back to Yangon.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">San
Lin Tun</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Written
on Oct 14, 2015</span></b></div>
</div>
Writer San LinTunhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12056365074399264628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6704219644037564639.post-56001755659749932202015-07-22T00:48:00.001-07:002015-07-22T00:48:24.299-07:00Exploring New Vision Rare Books and Art CentreIt is a good chance to visit and explore New Vision Rare Books and Art Centre. It is very much worthwhile to spend time there in this rainy season.<br /><br />
<br />Writer San LinTunhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12056365074399264628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6704219644037564639.post-64089507115350360002012-09-13T07:39:00.004-07:002012-09-13T07:39:25.630-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Writer San LinTunhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12056365074399264628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6704219644037564639.post-3362578569905490752012-07-24T08:02:00.002-07:002012-07-24T08:02:45.540-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br /></div>Writer San LinTunhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12056365074399264628noreply@blogger.com0